Anfoe 2000IU

Anfoe 2000IU is a growth factor produced in the kidneys which stimulates the production of red blood cells.
It acts by promoting the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Anfoe 2000IU was developed by Amgen Inc. in 1983 as the first rh Anfoe commercialized in the United States, followed by other alfa and beta formulations.
Anfoe is a 165-amino acid erythropoiesis-stimulating glycoprotein produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology and is needed for the treatment of patients with Anemia along with various clinical conditions, such as chronic renal failure, antiviral drug therapy, chemotherapy, or a maximum risk for perioperative blood loss from surgical procedures.

USED FOR

Anfoe 2000IU injection is indicated for the treatment of Anemia due to chronic kidney disease including patients on dialysis or without dialysis to reduce the requirement of RBC transfusion
Anfoe 2000IU is indicated to decrease the uses for allogeneic RBC transfusions among patients with perioperative haemoglobin > 10 to ≤ 13 g/dL who are at serious risk for perioperative blood loss from elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Anfoe 2000IU is not used for patients who are willing to donate autologous blood pre-operatively.
Anfoe 2000IU injection is indicated for the treatment of Anemia due to Zidovudine given ≤ 4200 mg/week in HIV infection patients with levels of erythropoietin endogenous serum of ≤ m units/mL.
Anfoe 2000IU injection is indicated for the treatment of Anemia due to effect of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy

DOSAGE

Zidovudine-treated Patients with HIV-infection - Starting Dose: The prescribed initial dose in adults is 100 Units/kg as an IV or SC injection 3 times per week.
Discontinue Anfoe if a high level in haemoglobin is not attain at a dose of 300 Units/kg for 8 weeks.
Patients on Cancer Chemotherapy :
Initiate Anfoe in patients on cancer chemotherapy only if the haemoglobin is less than 10 g/dL, and if there is a lowest of two additional months of planned chemotherapy.
Use the minimal dose of ANFOE necessary to avoid RBC transfusions.
Usually Starting Dose: For Adults administer the dose of 150 Units/kg subcutaneously 3 times per week until finishing of a chemotherapy course or 40,000 Units subcutaneously weekly until finishing of a chemotherapy course.
Paediatric Patients (5 to 18 years): 600 Units/kg intravenously weekly until finishing of a chemotherapy course.
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease :
For all patients with CKD:
When initiate or adjusting treatment, check the haemoglobin levels at least weekly until stable, then check at least monthly. Do not increase of the dose more frequently than once every 4 weeks. decrease in dose can occur more regularly. Avoid frequent dose adjustments.
If the haemoglobin rises fastly, reduce the dose of Anfoe by 25% or more as required to decrease fast responses.
For adult patients with CKD on dialysis:
• Initiate Anfoe treatment when the haemoglobin level is less than 10 g/dL.
• If the haemoglobin level approaches or exceeds 11 g/dL, reduces the dose of Anfoe.
• The usual starting dose for adult patients is 50 to 100 Units/kg 3 times weekly IV or SC. The intravenous route is prescribed for patients on haemodialysis.
For paediatric patients with CKD:
Initiate Anfoe treatment only when the haemoglobin level is less than 10 g/dL.
If the haemoglobin level access or exceeds 12 g/dL, decrease or interrupt the dose of Anfoe.
The usual initiate dose for paediatric patients (ages 1 month or older) is 50 Units/kg 3 times weekly intravenously or subcutaneously.
Surgery Patients :
The recommended Anfoe injections are:
• Anfoe dose given is 300 Units/kg per day subcutaneously (SC) for 15 days total: given daily for 10 days before surgery, on the day of surgery, and for 4 days after surgery.
• Anfoe dose given is 600 Units/kg subcutaneously (SC) in 4 doses given the patients 21, 14, and 7 days before surgery and on the day of surgery.
OVERDOSE :
Anfoe overdose can cause by above the desired level of haemoglobin levels, which should be monitor with discontinuation or reduction of Anfoe dosage with phlebotomy.

MECHANISM

Anfoe regulates erythropoiesis by stimulating the differentiation and multiplication of erythroid harbinger, stimulating the release of reticulocytes into the circulation, and synthesis of cellular haemoglobin. Recombinant human erythropoietin is available as epoetin alfa and epoetin beta which are required in the management of anaemia’s along with CRF, cancer chemotherapy and anti-aids drug zidovudine.

ADME

Absorption:
Duration to peak plasma concentration of Anfoe 2000IU is 20 to 25 hours and bioavailability of SC injectable Anfoe 2000IU is much lower than IV injection and is 20-24%.
Distribution:
Volume of distribution is range of 40-63.80 ml/kg and Anfoe 2000IU has no plasma protein binding
Metabolism:
Volume of distribution is range of 40-63.80 ml/kg and Anfoe 2000IU has no plasma protein binding
Elimination:
Anfoe 2000IU injection are cleared through uptake and degradation via the EPO-R-expressing cells and may also involve other cellular pathways in the interstitium. Only a little amount of unchanged epoetin alfa is found in the urine. Half-life in adult is 4 hours and for children is approx. 6 hours. Adult and paediatric with CRF the half-life is 4 to 13 hours.

PRECAUTION

• Cancer patients will Increased tumor development rate when dosed to achieve haemoglobin level of >12 mg/ld.
• Increase incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and thromboembolism: while Using ESAs to aim haemoglobin level of >11 g/dL rises risk of severe adverse cardiovascular reactions
• In Cases of PRCA and of severe Anemia, with or without other cytopenia’s that appears following the growth of neutralizing antibodies to erythropoietin resulted in patients treated with epoetin alfa
• Special caution usage in hypertension, iron deficiency, folate or B12 deficiency, congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary artery disease (CAD), seizure disorder, sickle-cell disease, haemolytic Anemia, porphyria, hematologic disorders
• In Chronic renal failure patients at starting of treatment, transferrin saturation should be ≥20% and ferritin ≥100 ng/mL
• Patients go through surgery are at high risk for DVT; concomitant DVT prophylaxis is strongly recommended
• In Zidovudine-treated patients may have response only when zidovudine dosage <4200 mg/wk. and endogenous epoetin <500 U/mL
• Patients Contains albumin; may carry extremely specific risk for transmission or viral diseases or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

DRUG INTERACTION

Combination with dichlorphenamide and Anfoe 2000IU both decrease serum potassium use with caution and monitor
Anfoe 2000IU co administration with methyltestosterone will rises effects of epoetin alfa by pharmacodynamic synergism. Because of potential adverse effects of drug combination should be avoided
Concomitant use with danazol and fluoxymesterone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone will increase effects of epoetin alfa by pharmacodynamic synergism. Androgens used will decrease necessary dose of epoetin alfa.

CONTRAINDICATION

Anfoe 2000IU injection contraindicated to Uncontrolled hypertension
Anfoe 2000IU injection contraindicated to Pure red cell aplasia which started after treatment with Anfoe 2000IU

MISSED DOSE

If dose is failed to take then immediately take the dose you remember before next dose or leave the missed, if next dose time arrived. Do not take double dose at a time. Take advice of the doctor about missed dose.

STORAGE

Store the Anfoe 2000IU at 25℃ (77℉)
Keep away from the children’s reach.
Dispense only in original containers.

SIDE EFFECTS

The injection Anfoe 2000IU has some adverse reaction like
High level in mortality, Myocardial infarction, stroke and thromboembolism
Increased mortality/ harm of progression tumor or recurrence in patients.
High blood pressure
Seizures
PRCA
Serious allergic reactions
Severe cutaneous reaction