Kemoplat 50 Injection

Description of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection 

Kemoplat 50 injection is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent of 50mg cisplatin which is used to treat various solid tumours. Cisplatin is a member of alkylating-like cytotoxic agents. It is believed to work by developing covalent cross-linked association with the DNA in malignant cells; hence, interfering with DNA replication and transcription. The subsequent genomic damage causes tumour cell proliferation inhibition and eventual apoptosis hence reducing tumour burden and controlling disease progression.

Indications of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

Kemoplat 50 is used in the treatment of Testicular cancer, Ovarian cancer, Bladder cancer, Non‑small cell lung cancer, Small cell lung cancer, and Head and neck cancers. It is normally used in combination chemotherapy regimens based on the type of tumour, and stage of the disease.

Mechanism of action of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection  

Cisplatin is a specific drug that attaches to the N7 atom of the guanine and adenine bases in the DNA forming inter- and intra-strand cross-links. These cross-linkages interfere with the double-helix structure and hence DNA replications and transcription cannot be undertaken properly. The DNA lesions cause the activation of apoptotic signalling pathways which leads to malignant cell death. Even though it is not specific towards cell cycle, cisplatin has shown significant effectiveness on fast dividing cells.

How to consume of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection 

Kemoplat 50 is IV drug which is given under the direction of a qualified health practitioner in a hospital. The medication dosage is calculated depending on the body-surface area and the particular therapeutic regimen. Pre-hydration and post-hydration is essential in order to reduce the nephrotoxicity. The treatment is usually administered in cycles and intercourse rest intervals.

Side Effects of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

1. Common side effects

• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Hair thinning
• Mild anemia
• Injection-site discomfort

2. Serious side effects

• Kidney damage
• Deafness
• Severe bone marrow suppression
• Electrolyte imbalance

3. Rare side effects

• Dermatologic reactions which are severe
• Peripheral neuropathy

Safety Advice for Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

Cisplatin patients should be monitored regularly, such as renal function, electrolyte and complete blood count. This is necessary to avoid renal injury by maintaining adequate hydration. Audiometric tests might be placed on long term therapy.

Breastfeeding: The use of Cisplatin is contraindicated during lactation as it is likely to have adverse effects on the infant.

Pregnancy: Cisplatin must not be used during pregnancy due to its possible effects of foetal toxicity.

Alcohol: The use of alcohol should be limited because it may increase the hepatic and renal stress.

Liver: The use of cisplatin should be cautiously used in patients with hepatic impairment.

Lungs: Pulmonary toxicity is not frequent; however, any breathing problem is to be reported.

Kidney: One should exercise utmost caution in people who have kidney impairment because of the increased chances of developing severe nephrotoxicity.

Driving: The drug can cause dizziness or weakness; patients are not to drive when they are still experiencing the effects of the drug.

Interaction of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

• Drug-Drug Interaction :

Aminoglycosides × Cisplatin 

Cisplatin is administered intravenously thus does not affect the pharmacokinetics of food directly. However, nutrition is still very important in promoting physiological resilience in chemotherapy.

Loop Diuretics × Cisplatin

Co-use can support the probability of hearing loss and electrolyte imbalance. Higher doses of loop diuretics may be ototoxic.

Cisplatin × Other Nephrotoxic Agents

NSAIDs or radiographic contrast media are some of the agents that may increase renal injury during cisplatin treatment. The renal function should be routinely assessed.

Cisplatin × Myelosuppressive Agents. 

Combination therapy could also increase bone marrow suppression, which would result in anaemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.

Live Vaccines × Cisplatin 

Immunosuppression, which is caused by cisplatin, may increase the risk of severe infection after live vaccines. When administering treatment, the vaccination should be postponed.

Anticonvulsants × Cisplatin 

Serum levels of some anticonvulsants can change with Cisplatin and thus require therapeutic drug monitoring.

Drug–Food Interaction 

Cisplatin is administered intravenously thus does not affect the pharmacokinetics of food directly. However, nutrition is still very important in promoting physiological resilience in chemotherapy. Dietary advice should be followed by patients who develop nausea.

Drug–Disease Interaction 

Renal Impairment: 

Cisplatin is highly nephrotoxic and mostly excreted through the renal clearance. Patients with renal dysfunction who already have it are at high risk of severe kidney damage. Dose adjustment or alternative medicine can be justified.

Bone Marrow Suppression: 

Cisplatin is associated with the possibility of worsening the anaemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Close follow-up is indicated in case of patients who come with underlying cytopenias.

Hearing Disorders: 

Preexisting hearing impairments can be increased. The danger of ototoxicity increases as cumulative dose increases.

Electrolyte Imbalance: 

Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia may be induced by cisplatin and it is advisable to monitor and correct them.

Contraindication of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

Individuals with hypersensitivity to platinum compounds should be avoided to cisplatin. It should not be used in patients with unstable renal failure, and there are high chances of nephrotoxicity in these cases.

Dosage of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

Cisplatin is recommended at a dose that is adjusted to the body surface and the given treatment regimen. It is administered intravenously, in regular cycles, according to the instructions of the oncologist.

Storage of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

The formulation must be stored in refrigerated conditions (2-8 0 C) and should be avoided to be subjected to light. It needs to be kept in a place where children cannot reach them.

Missed Dose of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection

Since cisplatin is most often used in a clinical facility, instances of missed dosages are not common.

Other General Information of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection  

Patients are advised to maintain a good amount of hydration as they continue with the treatment. Routine cheque-ups of the renal functions and hematologic parameters are necessary. The symptoms of oliguria, hearing changes, or constant fatigue are to be reported immediately. Unsupervised self-medication is discouraged in the treatment.

FAQs of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection 

1. What is the point of Cisplatin pre- and post-hydration therapy?

Cisplatin has severe nephrotoxicity. Adequate intravenous hydration will dilute renal drug concentration and will aid prompt excretion to reduce the possibility of renal injury.

2. Why is there such a close watch on the electrolyte levels with the course of Cisplatin treatment?

Cisplatin prompts large renal losses of magnesium, potassium and calcium. Under correction of these deficits may cause muscular weakness, arrhythmias or neurological disturbances.

3. Is Cisplatin reversible in causing hearing loss?

Cisplatin-related ototoxicity can be dose dependent and in some instances it can be unrecoverable. Early diagnosis through audiometric evaluation is important in the prevention of permanent hearing loss.

4. What is the reason behind frequently using Cisplatin with other chemotherapy medications?

Cisplatin has synergistic action with other cytotoxic agents. Combination regimens increase tumour response and general treatment efficacy.

5. Is Cisplatin capable of interfering with fertility?

No, cisplatin may cause infertility among both the men and women. Reproductively-age patients must be asked about fertility preservation options before beginning their treatment.

6. What is the reason why severe nausea is so common with Cisplatin?

Cisplatin activates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain to a large degree and makes it one of the most emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents. In order to curb this side effect, antiemetic therapy is regularly dispensed.

Fact Box of Kemoplat 50 (Cisplatin 50mg) injection :

Field	Details
Generic/Molecule Name	Cisplatin
Therapeutic Class	Anti-neoplastic agent
Pharmacological Class	Platinum compound (Alkylating-like agent)
Dosage form	Injection
Habit forming	No
Indication	Testicular cancer, Ovarian cancer, Bladder cancer, Lung cancer, Head and Neck cancer

 

References

• FDA Prescribing Information – Cisplatin Injection
  https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/018057s089lbl.pdf
• European Medicines Agency (EMA) – Cisplatin Summary of Product Characteristics
  https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents
• DrugBank Online – Cisplatin (DB00515)
  https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00515
• National Cancer Institute (NCI) – Cisplatin
  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/cisplatin